<span>The plasma membrane has a type of protein called intrinsic integrals that are embedded in the thickness of the bilayer and moves laterally in the membrane and act on arriving molecules. Their separation results in the destruction of the membrane structure, this protein is the opposite of the peripheral protein and act as filters and mechanisms of active transport in the nutrients and wastes that are expelled outside the cell.</span>
<span>Usually,
a compound will have different properties than the elements which make
it up. Take sodium chloride, for instance. Sodium metal reacts
violently with water and chlorine gas will hunt you down and kill you.
Yet sodium chloride is benign enough to put on your French fries.</span>
YAGAS HÍ PNAGALOJANG 1: GOPA TAKAHOO
Acids and bases determine pH. Acids have pH 0 -7 while bases have pH 7 -14. Enzymes function within a very narrow optimum range of pH.
Different enzymes have different optimum pH values. This is the pH value at which the bonds within them are influenced by H+ and OH- ions in such a way that the shape of their active site is most complementary to the shape of their substrate.
Extreme changes in pH above or below the optimum as caused by strong bases and acids can cause the weak linkages e.g. hydrogen bonds in the enzyme's protein molecules to break permanently resulting in denaturation of the protein and impairing its functions because the enzyme can no longer conform its active site to complement that of its substrate and therefore no reaction can take place.