Although the various dialects of Gaelic<span>, the </span>Scots language<span> and </span>Scottish English<span> are distinctive, people associate them all together as Scottish with a shared identity, as well as a regional or local identity. Parts of Scotland, like </span>Glasgow<span>, the </span>Outer Hebrides<span>, the north east of Scotland (including </span>Aberdeen<span>), and the </span>Scottish Borders<span> retain a strong sense of regional identity, alongside the idea of a Scottish national identity.</span>
The fall of Constantinople began with capture of the Byzantine empire's capitol by an invading Ottoman army. This downfall took place May 29, 1453, and is believed to mark the end of the Medieval period. The conquest of Constantinople also greatly impacted Christiandom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies were left unchecked.
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The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent and largely ended with the conclusion of the European wars of religion in 1648.
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European Governing systems changed over the centuries in the medieval times the first form of government was created, Feudalism. Feudalism is a form of government that does not govern a country or large are of land but rather a city state or a small household. This system worked as peasants would farm and build to keep the household alive and in payment were provided with protection and housing. Overtime the European countries adopted the monarchy, the monarchy was a single royal family that governed several cities and areas much larger than that of the small scale households existing in feudalism.
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