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Alexxx [7]
3 years ago
9

How did ants and butterflies get advantage of each other?

Biology
2 answers:
vladimir1956 [14]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Lycaenid butterflies and ants are representative examples of mutualism, in which different species benefit from the activities of the other.

Explanation:

What is the mechanism or reason behind the ant association with butterfly larvae? ... Both of they got the benefit from each other, Larvae got protection and in reverse ants got food (Sugary substance secreted from 7-8 segment of body) from the larval body.

Delvig [45]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

As lagartas das espécies de

borboletas investigadas pelo biólogo

Lucas Kaminski, em sua pesquisa de

doutorado, possuem glândulas que

produzem uma substância doce, das

quais as formigas se beneficiam. De

contrapartida, numa relação mutualística, as borboletas têm suas “filhas”

(as lagartas) protegidas contra ataques

de outros inimigos naturais e podem

se alimentar das plantas ocupadas

pelas formigas sem correr risco de

serem atacadas. O coorientador Paulo

Oliveira, especialista em ecologia

comportamental de insetos, explica

que as borboletas geralmente não

têm como lutar contra outros herbívoros, então, no caso dessas famílias,

as formigas acabam atuando como

guardiãs das larvas. “Ninguém chega

perto para fazer mal às larvas, pois

as formigas são agressivas e agem

como guarda-costas das lagartas”,

explica Oliveira. A tese de doutorado

está inserida dentro de uma linha de

pesquisa consolidada na Unicamp,

que aborda a interface da interação

entre plantas, formigas e herbívoros

no cerrado, coordenado por Oliveira.

O processo de seleção natural foi

observado por Kaminski quando,

após 25 dias de acompanhamento e

monitoramento do comportamento

de borboletas da espécie Parrhasius

polibetes, ele constatou que para tais

espécies a presença das formigas é

mais importante que a das plantas para

ovopositar, a fim de garantir a sobrevivência de sua prole. “O momento

mais importante na história evolutiva

dessas borboletas é colocar os ovos

onde suas larvas possam sobreviver”, explica Kaminski. De maneira

simples, Oliveira explica: “Sua prole

vai sobreviver aos ataques de outros

predadores e ainda vai ter do que se

alimentar. Elas serão avós porque as

larvas chegarão seguras à fase adulta e

os genes podem se perpetuar graças à

relação mutualística com as formigas”.

Oliveira lembra que formiga é o

bicho mais abundante da Terra. Se

for feito um quadrado na floresta

Amazônica de 100x100 metros,

serão encontradas 8 milhões de formigas no solo, segundo o biólogo.

Se pensar que todas elas, agressivas

como são, sobem em folhas para se

alimentar, isso é um problema grande para o indivíduo herbívoro. “O

principal dilema para os herbívoros

é não ser atacado por formigas na

hora de se alimentar”, acrescenta.

A relação amistosa das formigas

com outros insetos mutualistas já tinha

sido comprovada em estudos anteriores, que também foram importantes na

tese para constatar que as borboletas

exploram outras associações. É o caso

das cigarrinhas Guayaquila, parentes

dos pulgões, que também liberam

substâncias açucaradas importantes

para as formigas. O pesquisador observou que essas cigarrinhas também

servem como referência para as borboletas na hora de escolher os ramos

de Schefflera, planta tradicional do

Brasil, para colocar ovos. “Além de

localizar as formigas, elas conseguem

identificar essas cigarrinhas, pois sabem que ali suas larvas também estarão protegidas”, acrescenta Kaminski.

A descoberta de Kaminski é importante para compreender a história

evolutiva dessas famílias de borboletas, mas também para ampliar os estudos sobre outras interações da biodi versidade

Explanation:

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AlexFokin [52]

Answer:

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Explanation:

  • The hox gene cluster consists of a group of related genes that function to controls the basic body plan of an embryo and also define the head to the tail axis.
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