The answer is credentialism. These are any of a number of connected development
involving amplified demands for formal educational experience, and the deflation
of these qualifications. In Western society, there have been rising
requirements for formal qualifications or certification for jobs, a procedure
called credentialism that is not easily differentiated from professionalization.
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The predominant form of social organization in the tropical rain forests of western and central Africa was small-scale societies led by local councils.
In a small-scale society, a person interacts with the same people in almost all social circumstances, but in a large-scale society, a person has a variety of impersonal or part-relationships, some of which are fleeting and others which are enduring, and both of which do not always overlap.
There are generally few such positions in small-scale social organization , and those that do exist tend to be integrated with the ruling class. Agrarian societies, hunting and gathering societies are a few examples of small-scale societies.
People who produce and maintain agricultural goods make up agrarian communities. Another indicator of an agrarian civilization is how well-off a nation is in agricultural output. Thus the small social organization led by local councils are more predominant in the tropical rain forests of western and central Africa.
To learn more about small-scale societies, refer
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Marks explains that we have been made to believe that conflict is bad and compromise is good. He describes this as a vision that is too simplistic to be upheld by the nations of the world. Marks says it will be difficult to determine whether conflict is good or bad if we do not understand the people involved in the conflict, the cause and the strategy involved in the conflict.
He said compromise, contrary to general belief, can be harmful if it does not protect the vulnerable and the dis-empowered.
Marks gave an example of a United Nations agency that collaborated with the federal and local governments, television company, and even a multinational soda company in order to address the problem of poor sanitation in schools in India. This arrangement helped the corporation to promote their brands and products. Marks argued that, the United Nations were creating another problem while trying to solve one by promoting a soda company, knowing fully well that a large consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of obesity.
The mistake governments make, according to Marks, when they collaborate with industries is that they conflate the common good with common ground. They sacrifice the interest of the people on the alter of industrial collaboration.
By saying that governments should struggle or engage in conflicts with corporations, Marks means that the corporations always act to promote their commercial interests while government is saddled with the responsibility of promoting the common good, they should not leave this responsibility while trying to go into relationship with the corporations.
I have had cause to go into conflict with a police officer in my state because he demanded a bribe from me despite having all my driving particulars. I shouted at him and promise to report him to the authority if he did not desist from that practice. he became scared and allowed me to go.
