As the world population reaches seven billion people, the BBC's Mike Gallagher asks whether efforts to control population have been, as some critics claim, a form of authoritarian control over the world's poorest citizens. The temperature is some 30C. The humidity stifling, the noise unbearable. In a yard between two enormous tea-drying sheds, a number of dark-skinned women patiently sit, each accompanied by an unwieldy looking cloth sack. They are clad in colourful saris, but look tired and shabby. This is hardly surprising - they have spent most of the day in nearby plantation fields, picking tea that will net them around two cents a kilo - barely enough to feed their large families. Vivek Baid thinks he knows how to help them. He runs the Mission for Population Control, a project in eastern India which aims to bring down high birth rates by encouraging local women to get sterilised after their second child. As the world reaches an estimated seven billion people, people like Vivek say efforts to bring down the world's population must continue if life on Earth is to be sustainable, and if poverty and even mass starvation are to be avoided. There is no doubting their good intentions. Vivek, for instance, has spent his own money on the project, and is passionate about creating a brighter future for India. But critics allege that campaigners like Vivek - a successful and wealthy male businessman - have tended to live very different lives from those they seek to help, who are mainly poor women. These critics argue that rich people have imposed population control on the poor for decades. And, they say, such coercive attempts to control the world's population often backfired and were sometimes harmful. Population scare Most historians of modern population control trace its roots back to the Reverend Thomas Malthus, an English clergyman born in the 18th Century who believed that humans would always reproduce faster than Earth's capacity to feed them. Giving succour to the resulting desperate masses would only imperil everyone else, he said. So the brutal reality was that it was better to let them starve. Rapid agricultural advances in the 19th Century proved his main premise wrong, because food production generally more than kept pace with the growing population. But the idea that the rich are threatened by the desperately poor has cast a long shadow into the 20th Century. From the 1960s, the World Bank, the UN and a host of independent American philanthropic foundations, such as the Ford and Rockefeller foundations, began to focus on what they saw as the problem of burgeoning Third World numbers. The believed that overpopulation was the primary cause of environmental degradation, economic underdevelopment and political instability. Massive populations in the Third World were seen as presenting a threat to Western capitalism and access to resources, says Professor Betsy Hartmann of Hampshire College, Massachusetts, in the US.
Electron transport refers to the transfer of of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via a reduction-oxidation reaction.
In the mitochondria the process is called Oxidative phosphorylation whereas in the Chloroplast it is called Photo-phosphorylation since it utilizes light.
Chemiosmotic mechanisms allow the movement of ions across a semi-permeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient.
In both mitochondria and chloroplast,have these mechanisms for the production of ATP .
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Blood smears usually refers to the blood test that is being conducted in order to determine if there is any abnormality or irregularity in the blood cells. This test is conducted in the laboratories by using the slides.
After the test is done, these slides of blood smears are usually disposed of according to the instruction given by the teachers. It is because these slides have sharp edges and must be carefully handled. It can cause cut in the fingers and as these slides are comprised of infectious substances, it can affect other individuals, causing various types of diseases.
Thus, they must not be disposed of here and there, rather they should be disposed of according to the teacher's instruction.
In the animal kingdom mammals have largest natural breasts.
EXPLANATION:
Mammals have largest breasts in animals and specifically Blue Whale has the largest breasts but they are inside the body.Among other animals goats, cows and buffaloes have larger breasts too but surely not greater than the size of Blue Whale's.Breasts are organs in which mammary glands are present, these glands produce milk.
