As the world population reaches seven billion people, the BBC's Mike Gallagher asks whether efforts to control population have been, as some critics claim, a form of authoritarian control over the world's poorest citizens. The temperature is some 30C. The humidity stifling, the noise unbearable. In a yard between two enormous tea-drying sheds, a number of dark-skinned women patiently sit, each accompanied by an unwieldy looking cloth sack. They are clad in colourful saris, but look tired and shabby. This is hardly surprising - they have spent most of the day in nearby plantation fields, picking tea that will net them around two cents a kilo - barely enough to feed their large families. Vivek Baid thinks he knows how to help them. He runs the Mission for Population Control, a project in eastern India which aims to bring down high birth rates by encouraging local women to get sterilised after their second child. As the world reaches an estimated seven billion people, people like Vivek say efforts to bring down the world's population must continue if life on Earth is to be sustainable, and if poverty and even mass starvation are to be avoided. There is no doubting their good intentions. Vivek, for instance, has spent his own money on the project, and is passionate about creating a brighter future for India. But critics allege that campaigners like Vivek - a successful and wealthy male businessman - have tended to live very different lives from those they seek to help, who are mainly poor women. These critics argue that rich people have imposed population control on the poor for decades. And, they say, such coercive attempts to control the world's population often backfired and were sometimes harmful. Population scare Most historians of modern population control trace its roots back to the Reverend Thomas Malthus, an English clergyman born in the 18th Century who believed that humans would always reproduce faster than Earth's capacity to feed them. Giving succour to the resulting desperate masses would only imperil everyone else, he said. So the brutal reality was that it was better to let them starve. Rapid agricultural advances in the 19th Century proved his main premise wrong, because food production generally more than kept pace with the growing population. But the idea that the rich are threatened by the desperately poor has cast a long shadow into the 20th Century. From the 1960s, the World Bank, the UN and a host of independent American philanthropic foundations, such as the Ford and Rockefeller foundations, began to focus on what they saw as the problem of burgeoning Third World numbers. The believed that overpopulation was the primary cause of environmental degradation, economic underdevelopment and political instability. Massive populations in the Third World were seen as presenting a threat to Western capitalism and access to resources, says Professor Betsy Hartmann of Hampshire College, Massachusetts, in the US.
The following are the two considerations demonstrating that there would be less biodiversity than the tropical areas in the Mediterranean climate as well as polar areas.
The first reason is all tropical areas experience drastic temperature variation.
The second reason is early in the earth's history, the northern latitudes are inhabited.
Gregor Mendel discovered the principles that governs heredity, in which one of them is that an allele called DOMINANT allele, is capable of masking the expression of its variant allele called RECESSIVE allele in a heterozygous state. However, there has been genetic scenarios contrary to this his LAW OF DOMINANCE.
One of those Non-mendelian pattern of inheritance is a phenomenon called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE, where an allele does not mask the expression of another completely, instead their combined state produces a third intermediate phenotype that is different from both parents. This is the case of the homozygous black bull mated with a homozygous white cow to produce a grey calf. The grey phenotype is an intermediate phenotype of both the black and white colours that forms due to incomplete dominance.
Another genetic scenario is called CO-DOMINANCE, where one allele is neither dominant nor recessive to the other allele, but instead both phenotypes becomes simultaneously expressed in the heterozygous offspring. In this case, the black bull and white cow were mated to form a heterozygous calf with both black and white spots.
