Explanation:
All living organisms need nutrients to survive. While plants can obtain nutrients from their roots and the energy molecules required for cellular function through the process of photosynthesis, animals obtain their nutrients by the consumption of other organisms. At the cellular level, the biological molecules necessary for animal function are amino acids, lipid molecules, nucleotides, and simple sugars. However, the food consumed consists of protein, fat, and complex carbohydrates. Animals must convert these macromolecules into the simple molecules required for maintaining cellular function. The conversion of the food consumed to the nutrients required is a multistep process involving digestion and absorption. During digestion, food particles are broken down to smaller components, which are later absorbed by the body. This happens by both physical means, such as chewing, and by chemical means.
One of the challenges in human nutrition is maintaining a balance between food intake, storage, and energy expenditure. Taking in more food energy than is used in activity leads to storage of the excess in the form of fat deposits. The rise in obesity and the resulting diseases like type 2 diabetes makes understanding the role of diet and nutrition in maintaining good health all the more important.
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
fiber
vitamins
water
Minerals
Explanation:
Food is complex of different minerals. These minerals helps to meet our body demand for materials important for sustenance.
There are different classes of food based on their chemical properties and functions. These classifications are based on the complex nutritive substances that can be derived from them.
- Carbohydrates supplies energy to the body.
- Proteins also provides energy and it helps to repair worn out body tissues.
- Fibers are needed to aid digestion
- Vitamins provides enzymes for the body
- water is an essential life compound.
- Minerals are used for several metabolic processes and they are good electrolytes in the body.
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Answer:
This is correct. The remaining portion:
Sympatric species that form interrelationships undergo coevolution.
Allopatric species in different environments can undergo convergent evolution.
Allopatric species in small populations and under intense environmental conditions can undergo genetic drift.
Explanation:
On the basis of geographical distance, speciation is of two major types:
- Sympatric
- Allopatric
Sympatric Speciation:
Sympatric speciation is the formation of new species with no gergraphical separation from the ancestor. The new and parent species both exist in the same environment but do not interbreed due to mechanisms of reproductive isolation. These involves both prezygotic and post zygotic barriers to reproduction such as timing of mating, sensitivity to pheromones, choice of mating sites or infertility and mismatched gametes. Species formed through sympatric speciation can form interrelationships and undergo coevolution i.e. the evolution of ones species is dependent on the other.
Allopatric Speciation:
It involves the geographical separation of the parent and new species. These species could be geographically separated by a river, mountain range or land mass.
Although, allopatric species evolve independently, they may develop similar characteristics that serve different functions. Allopatric species in radically different environments undergo convergent evolution i.e. species evolve similar characteristics without any ancestral homology.
Allopatric species that reside in small populations and are under harsh environmental pressures undergo a rapid genetic revolution i.e. genetic drift. This includes the Founder's and bottleneck effect that involve the continuation of a species from very few individuals after a drastic, sudden environmental change.
