Best answer that I believe is A.
There aren't any statements shown but I think i can help with the second part, artists in different times and places are influenced by the different things around them and by what is happening during that time.
For an example of different places; an artist at a beach would be more likely to draw the beach than an artist in a forest and the same way reversed.
An example of different times; an artist in the 1700s would portray people wearing different clothes than an artist would portray today.
The second image, titled, “Nautilus, 1927” illustrates how a lack of texture enhances the illusion of an objects smooth surface on the two-dimensional print. Using rather flat lighting enhances the affect by filling in any local texture. This reduces contrast changes even more.
