Answer:
Democracy itself is defined through the concept of institution. A democracy, Przeworski told us, is possible when the relevant political forces can find institutions that give a reasonable guarantee that their interests will not be affected in an extremely adverse way in democratic competition, that is, when interests are subjected to institutionalized uncertainty. (1986). Trust in institutions is closely linked to political culture. Almond and Verba in The Civic Culture: political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (1963) in a study carried out in 1959, they detect that in what they call a modern society there is much more participation, the key for them would be in the political culture. This refers to the attitude of individuals towards the political system and the role they play as individuals within it. Both attitudes, according to Almond and Verba, can be appreciated through certain patterns of orientation towards the political objects of a nation. These patterns can be of four forms: political orientation, which refers to the internalization of the objects of the political system and the relationships between these objects: the cognitive orientation of the system, which refers to the knowledge of what there is, for example the results of public policy; affective orientation, which focuses on feelings towards the political system, its roles, and functioning; and finally, evaluative orientation, which unites the elements of the previous orientations and allows generating evaluative criteria. Trust in institutions permeates these three levels of political orientation. Finally, Frederick C. Turner and John D. Martz (1997) have analyzed the case of Latin America, where the trust of citizens in institutions is an essential factor for the consolidation of democracy. Ludolfo Paramio (1999) argues that party identification and trust in institutions are conditions for the proper functioning of democracy. In short, institutions are the basis, feed and give value to democracy through various mechanisms at different times. March and Olsen (2006) point out that there are various theoretical approaches to institutions that are distinguished mainly by: first, how they conceive the nature of institutions; second, how they explain the processes that translate into structures and rules and their political impacts, and, lastly, the processes that turn human behavior into rules and structures to maintain, transform or eliminate institutions
Answer: Displacement
Explanation:
What is meant by displacement in your memory ?
Displacement is a term that is used to explain the fact that we tend to forget the infromation stored in the short term memory due to the lack of availability.
In a short term memory as long as the new information is acquired the old information is then eliminated quickly or displaced.
Displacement also suggest that the information that has been stored for too long will be easily displaced
Under this theory it is discovered also that when people are give a list of words to recall in any order they are mostly likely to recall those that are at the top of the list , the recalling of items at the top of the list is referred to as primacy and those at the end is know as recency effect.
Primacy effect explains that we are able to recall the first words in the list because when we first receive them there are not competing with other words so it is easy to rehearse them repeatedly for several times and as a result they get transferred to our long term memory.
As the list get longer though there is a competition now between words which makes it hard to remember or to keep rehearsing those at the end of the list as the result they stay in the short term memory until they get displaced which explains the recency effect.
