The Hamburg Massacre (or Red Shirt Massacre or Hamburg riot) was a key event in the African American town of Hamburg, South Carolina in July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era. It was the first of a series of civil disturbances planned and carried out by white Democrats in the majority-black Republican Edgefield District, with the goal of suppressing black voting, disrupting Republican meetings, and suppressing black Americans civil rights, through actual and threatened violence.[1]
Beginning with a dispute over free passage on a public road, the massacre was rooted in racial hatred and political motives. A court hearing attracted armed white "rifle clubs," colloquially called the "Red Shirts". Desiring to regain control of state governments and eradicate the civil rights of black Americans, over 100 white men attacked about 30 black servicemen of the National Guard at the armory, killing two as they tried to leave that night. Later that night, the Red Shirts tortured and murdered four of the militia while holding them as prisoners, and wounded several others. In total, the events in Hamburg resulted in the death of one white man and six black men with several more blacks being wounded. Although 94 white men were indicted for murder by a coroner's jury, none were prosecuted.
The events were a catalyst in the overarching violence in the volatile 1876 election campaign. There were other episodes of violence in the months before the election, including an estimated 100 blacks killed during several days in Ellenton, South Carolina, also in Aiken County. The Southern Democrats succeeded in "redeeming" the state government and electing Wade Hampton III as governor. During the remainder of the century, they passed laws to establish single-party white rule, impose legal segregation and "Jim Crow," and disenfranchise blacks with a new state constitution adopted in 1895. This exclusion of blacks from the political system was effectively maintained into the late 1960s.
Answer:
what is the question so I could answer it
I had this class last year. A universalizing religion is a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture. Have a good day :)
Answer:
Neutral stimulus
Explanation:
The neutral stimulus is a neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus does not respond to an automatic response. In the classical experiment, there is a neutral stimulus that changes into the conditional response.
For instance when Puja called her friend there was ringing a caller tune that Puja does not like so much but her friend like it when same ring tone play on radio then Puja had not strong reaction about the ring tone but Puja friend like it so much so ring tone is neutral here for Puja because it does not elicit any strong emotions for that ring tone for Puja.
The correct answer is "to make laws" - answer D. You can see that it's connected to the laws because it's also the name of one of the three branches of the government (the legislative branch) which is responsible for making laws. (the other two : judicial: to judge and executive: to actually govern)
