Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Transcription is the first process that occurs in protein synthesis. It involves the use of the stored information in the DNA molecule to synthesize a mRNA molecule.
Transcription, which occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes and cytoplasm of prokaryotes, is catalyzed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase binds to the double-stranded DNA and begins to unwind it (Initiation). This unwinding causes the nucleotide bases to be exposed in order for the RNA polymerase enzyme to read.
The enzyme reads the bases of the DNA and begins to synthesize RNA nucleotides using the complementary base pairing rule (Elongation) i.e. Adenine base paired with Uracil base (RNA), and Guanine paired with Cytosine etc.
The single-stranded mRNA is released at the end of the transcription process (termination). This is basically what occurs in transcription.
Answer:
c. Two sister chromatids did not separate into the proper daughter cells during anaphase.
Explanation:
The observed cell is undergoing mitosis which does not include separation of homologous chromosomes. During anaphase of mitosis, two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate from each other. They move to opposite poles. This results in equal distribution of two complete sets of chromosomes to each daughter cell.
However, the failure of two sister chromatids of a chromosome during anaphase would lead to the formation of two abnormal daughter cells. One of the daughter cells would have one extra chromosome (2n+1) while the other would lack one chromosome from the diploid set (2n-1).
Answer:
Sperm-egg interaction
Explanation:
The formation of fertilization envelope is well-studied on the model system- sea urchin. It has been shown that, the fertilization envelope is formed after the initial sperm-egg interaction from the egg surface vitelline envelope and the paracrystalline protein fraction which is derived from cortical granules. Secretion from cortical granules, prevents polyspermy.
