Answer: They compare the number of mutations to determine how long ago species separated and evolved.
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Cells, like humans, cannot generate energy without locating a source in their environment. However, whereas humans search for substances like fossil fuels to power their homes and businesses, cells seek their energy in the form of food molecules or sunlight. In fact, the Sun is the ultimate source of energy for almost all cells, because photosynthetic prokaryotes, algae, and plant cells harness solar energy and use it to make the complex organic food molecules that other cells rely on for the energy required to sustain growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Cellular nutrients come in many forms, including sugars and fats. In order to provide a cell with energy, these molecules have to pass across the cell membrane, which functions as a barrier — but not an impassable one. Like the exterior walls of a house, the plasma membrane is semi-permeable. In much the same way that doors and windows allow necessities to enter the house, various proteins that span the cell membrane permit specific molecules into the cell, although they may require some energy input to accomplish this task
Answer: A federally funded research study involving children 8 to 12 years old involves collecting a single voided urine sample to assess the frequency of asymptomatic <em>proteinuria</em>.
Your IRB has determined that assent of children age 8 and older is required for the study. A 10 year old firmly declined to participate in the study.
The best procedure that describes the <u>action </u>to be taken by the investigator is:
- Honor the Childs decision .
Explanation:
The <em>purpose</em> of the IRB is to <em>assure that appropriate steps are taken</em> to <em>protect the rights </em>and welfare of humans participating as subjects in a research study. It promotes <em>fully informed and voluntary participation</em> by prospective subjects capable of making such choices (or, if that is not possible, informed permission given by a suitable proxy), and seeks to maximize the safety of subjects.
The capacity admits degrees. The same patient may be able to decide certain things and not others. So, the more transcendent or delicate a decision is, the higher the level of capacity required must be. When the patient <u>is not capable, it is up to his relatives to make the decisions.</u>
Answer:
The biceps and triceps make up a large majority of your arm musculature.The biceps and triceps are easily targeted by a variety of exercises.The biceps and triceps are easily targeted by a variety of exercises.
Acid rain was an environmental hyperbole covering the effect of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide gasses being washed out of the atmosphere by rainfall. Downstream from coal-fired power generation and metal reduction processes, these gasses were part of the gas stack chemistry; sourced as minor constituents of the process coal. The pollutants were only measured in ppm quantities in major smoke stacks … famously I measured 200 ppm in the air from the Inco Superstack, measured over Toronto air space. Ontario has no coal plants or stacks left after environmentally forced decommissioning.
