An object is in motion if its distance relative to another object is changing. To tell if an object is moving, you use a reference point. If an object's distance from another object [reference point] is changing. A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion.
I'm not too sure if this is what you needed go know, I hope it helped
Answer: d. exoskeletons are external to the soft tissues, and endoskeletons are internal
Explanation:
The skeleton can be define as the body part of the living beings which act as a supporting structure which maintains the posture and provides the supporting framework to the body. The exoskeleton is the skeletal structure that protects the body from outside. It encloses within it the soft tissues and organs of the body. It is the characteristic feature of the invertebrates. It is the external feature of the body. It also provides protection against the predator. The endoskeleton is the skeletal structure which serves as a attachment point for the muscles. It is the internal feature of the body.
Superantigens cause the stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
- Some pathogens in an unusual way take over the immune system and mislead it by interfering in the adaptive immune system.
- Instead of processing by APC (Antigen Presenting Cells), superantigen is directly bonded to MHC-II (Major histocompatibility complex) and TCR (T cell receptor) for a longer period than normal.
- As a result, about 20% of T cells are stimulated to produce cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) known as Cytokine storm. Thereby, affected individuals experience some adverse symptoms like toxic shock syndrome and rheumatic fever.
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