A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Answer:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
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Well the first difference is that PMS is mostly a psychological and somewhat physical syndrome. The proof is that the symptoms of PMS are irritability, stress and dysphoria. There is of course a lot of other symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, headache, fatigue, mood swings, and increased emotional sensitivity. The cause of PMS are the changes in levels of estrogen and progesterone. Now, menstrual cramps are physical condition. The symptom is pain in lower abdomen. And the cause is the menstruation itself. So there you have the differences. PMS as its own name says (Premenstrual syndrome) occurs before menstruation, more accurately 5 - 10 days before menstruation which is luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Menstrual cramps can occur several days before menstruation or can occur when menstruation starts, and they slowly disappear as menstruation slowly ends
Answer:
d. budding
Explanation:
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction, as are binary division, multiple division, vegetative propagation, and fragmentation. This type of reproduction is observed in some species of animals and plants.
In budding, as the name suggests, sprouts appear on the surface of the organism. These shoots will give rise to a new individual, which may grow on the organism that originated it, forming the colonies, or be released into the environment.
This type of reproduction is common in several plant species, occurring more frequently in angiosperms, and also in some animal species, especially in the cnidarian and porifer group.
Answer:
First, you need to retrieve the FASTA sequences of the already sequenced genes. After that, you should make a sequence alignment on a software like CLUSTALW (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/) to seek for the conserved regions of the gene. Based on this regions, you will design your FISH probe, which for bacteria can start in 33 bp (Ming Tan <em>et al.</em>, 2019), but a 200 bp probe is a very suitable size. There are several companies that fabricates this custom probes, and sell all the reagents to perform the experiments. Having this, you will perform your FISH experiment to see which cells are actively degrading Toluene.
Explanation:
