One is the presence of villi and microvilli in the small intestines
that increase the surface area for which food is absorbed. Second is the presence
of goblet cells that secrete mucus to prevent self-digestion of the
tract lining. Another is the specialized enzymes in different regions of the digestive tract
that specialize in digesting particular foods.
<span>E. Stimulation of T-cell by APC</span>
The initial exposure of the body to an infectious agent e.g. through a vaccine, triggers an immune response most of which rapidly diminishes after the vaccination. However some cells of the immune system called lymphocytes remain with a memory of that pathogen.As a result, if the same pathogen infects a vaccinated person, the memory cells remember and recognize it and rapidly spring into action triggering a much more rapid response specific to that pathogen than the initial exposure, effectively dealing and neutralizing the pathogen.
Hypothalamus
When there is abnormally high internal temperature, sensors
in the Central Nervous System send signals to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus initiates thermoregulation
by sending messages to various organs and body systems with a various
mechanisms. High temperature will set off sweating and vasodilation to cool down
the body.
Explanation:
Scientists who study the anatomy of the systems in the human body focus their studies on the structure and form of an organism. Particularly, they examine the relationships among parts of the body, as well as the structure of individual organs.
