Mutations are simply a change in genes. So mutations usually result in variation of an organism that can be good or bad. Some mutations can result in physical and mental disorders like Stockholm disease or down syndrome, Where else some mutations can cause immune to diseases that are harmful.
Answer:
Linnaean steps.
Explanation:
About 1.2 million species have been formally described, the vast majority from the land rather than the oceans
The answer is Rr and rr.
We know:
r - recessive allele
R - dominant allele
RR - dominant homozygote with red eyes
Rr - heterozygote with red eyes (since one dominant allele R can mask recessive allele r)
rr - recessive homozygote with sepia eyes
Heterozygote Rr can give to the offspring either dominant allele R or recessive allele r. Recessive homozygote rr can give to the offspring only recessive allele r (take a look at the uploaded image of Punnett square).
After crossing the parents:
Parents: Rr x rr
Offspring: Rr rr Rr rr
So:
2 out of 4 offspring will be with heterozygous with red eyes Rr: 2/4 = 0.5 = 50%
2 out of 4 offspring will be with homozygous with sepia eyes rr: 2/4 = 0.5 = 50%