In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. If a red-eyed heterozygous f
ly (Rr) mates with a sepia-eyed homozygous fly (rr), what are the possible genotypes of their offspring? (Hint: You many want to complete a Punnett square.) Rr only
We know: r - recessive allele R - dominant allele RR - dominant homozygote with red eyes Rr - heterozygote with red eyes (since one dominant allele R can mask recessive allele r) rr - recessive homozygote with sepia eyes
Heterozygote Rr can give to the offspring either dominant allele R or recessive allele r. Recessive homozygote rr can give to the offspring only recessive allele r (take a look at the uploaded image of Punnett square). After crossing the parents: Parents: Rr x rr Offspring: Rr rr Rr rr
So: 2 out of 4 offspring will be with heterozygous with red eyes Rr: 2/4 = 0.5 = 50% 2 out of 4 offspring will be with homozygous with sepia eyes rr: 2/4 = 0.5 = 50%
A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism are called
"pluripotent". Like cells are named meristematic cells in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals, though some groups report the presence of adult pluripotent cells.
The excretory and reproductive systems are closely interlinked. Both share certain common passages such as in males where urinary tract gives passage to both urine and semen. Although in females these are seperate, the urinary bladder is present posterior to the uterus and very close.