Answer:
Anomie
Explanation:
Merton developed the concept of ‘anomie’ to describe this imbalance between cultural goals and institutionalised means. He argued that such an imbalanced society produces anomie – there is a strain or tension between the goals and means which produce unsatisfied aspirations.
Merton argued that when individuals are faced with a gap between their goals (usually finances/money related) and their current status, strain occurs. When faced with strain, people have five ways to adapt:
1. Conformity: pursing cultural goals through socially approved means.
2. Innovation: using socially unapproved or unconventional means to obtain culturally approved goals. Example: dealing drugs or stealing to achieve financial security.
3. Ritualism: using the same socially approved means to achieve less elusive goals (more modest and humble).
4. Retreatism: to reject both the cultural goals and the means to obtain it, then find a way to escape it.
5. Rebellion: to reject the cultural goals and means, then work to replace them.
Answer: Desertification and soil erosion.
1980 was the time at the end (but people didn't know that) of the Cold War, that is the conflict between Capitalism and Communism,
US had a capitalist system and was actively involved in stopping the spread of Communism in Asia and Latin America and this is also the correct answer: stopping the spread of Communism.
johanna was avoided by professor stuckup anytime she wore jeans, but professor casual wasn't bothered. johanna learned not to wear jeans around professor stuckup which is result of discrimination training.
Give a brief account on discrimination training.
Discrimination training entails rewarding a behavior (like as pecking) when one stimulus is present but not the others. One of the Bailey's chickens was given two note cards in the image on the left, one of which had a red circle and the other a blue circle. The peck on the red circle strengthened, but the peck on the blue circle did not (this process involves differential reinforcement). The fowl finally restricted its pecking to the red circle. The Baileys also demonstrated discrimination training with geometric figures using note cards with various shapes (such as circles vs. squares).
As long as the animal possesses the necessary sensory equipment, such as color vision, discrimination training is supposed to enable animals like chickens to "tell the difference" between forms (like rectangles or squares) or colors (like green or blue).
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