The birth of gunpowder was quite accidental. It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists while attempting to make an life-extending ELIXIR. It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was being used in military affairs.
A linkage institution<span> is a structure within a society that connects the people to the government or centralized authority. These institutions include: elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media.</span>
D. a counterclaim would go against the main point(s)
Hope this helps!!
Oppression from freedom. ( regarding to the book, as i have not read it; however, usually cages represents oppression from something)