Divided government: occurs when the governors are unable to reach an agreement about the governance of the country. On that occasion, several different aspects of how the government should act arise, lacking an efficient consensus among politicians and generating strong cases of politicization, which prevents efficient and necessary public policies from being established and voted to allow their execution.
Weak party discipline: Prevents rapid voting on the implementation of public policies. As a result, the implementation of these policies is delayed and precarious. In addition, it makes the work of the federal government more difficult, forcing each parliamentarian to negotiate for these policies separately, making it difficult for political agreements to exist, as the governor starts to act individually.
Growth in the number of interest groups: When a public policy is established and needs to go into the execution process, it is necessary that all government officials work together, which does not happen when interest groups are generated. Each interest group acts individually, seeking personal and not collective benefits.
Political action committees: They can promote the interests of just a group of government officials, generate politicization and polarization of political thought, in addition to generating power gaps that can prevent the implementation of public policies.
All of the ancient civilizations were close to a major water source.
All of them practiced agriculture in order to provide enough food for their civilization.
All of them had some sort of irrigaiton in place in order to water down he fields.
All of them lived in socially stratified societies where a ruler was present.
I believe the answer is: avoidance of guilty feelings and <span>negative reinforcement.
The avoidance of guilty feelings is a defense mechanism because guilt could often lead to personal stress.
The negatve reinforcement under this situation refers to the effects that might cause a certain decrease in our standard of life (such as negative treatment from other people or some physical harm)</span>
