The correct answer is alternative C.
The United States Constitution expressly forbids the government to pass <em>ex post facto</em> laws, which are laws that can change the legal consequences of actions in the past. In some countries <em>ex post facto</em> laws are acceptable in some situations, but in the U.S. this is such an unacceptable thing that it seemed obvious and unnecessary to include in the Constitution.
Baldassare Castiglione wrote the Book of the Courtier from 1508 until it was published in 1528. (B).
