Sorry if I'm to late but I thinks it's c. Many couldn't speak English and had no skills. Hope this helps ;)
The two events that spurred the need to chart new maritime routes are the following : Europeans developed the economic system of mercantilism and needed reserves of gold and silver ; and Europe witnessed a period that historians refer to as a "dark age."
Yes because a lot of things can be done with words, look at Ghandi or Martin Luther King Junior's "I have a Dream" speech.