Ok Major scale: Wwh, Wwwh Minor scale: Whw, Whww Harmonic minor: Natural minor with a raised 7th scale degree Ascending Melodic minor: A natural minor with raised 6th and 7th scale degrees
Improvisation is coming up with a short solo like piece on the spot. It's roll in jazz is to show either how musically talented and inclined one or is or is used as a filler.