Answer:
This question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Fermentation is carried out regularly, and not only during oxygen emergencies, by what organisms?
A) most animals
B) many fungi and bacteria
C) plants, during the night time
D) all organisms, all of the time
The Correct answer is B (Many fungi and bacteria)
Explanation:
All living organisms need energy for their life processes, although different ways are employed by different organisms. Most living organisms use oxygen to make ATP from glucose. However, many living things can also make ATP without oxygen.
Organisms like plants, fungi and some bacteria undergo aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen but can use anaerobic respiration when oxygen is in short supply. However, certain bacteria and fungi (yeast) employ only anaerobic respiration. They may not even survive in aerobic conditions i.e. they are strictly anaerobic organisms. One important way of making ATP without oxygen is called FERMENTATION.
Fermentation is the metabolic process by which organic molecules (glucose) are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is of two types; Lactic acid fermentation (pyruvate to lactic acid) and Alcoholic fermentation (pyruvate to alcohol and CO2). NAD+ is generated in both process to facilitate the release of ATP.
Fermentation only yields a net of 2 ATP per glucose molecule (through glycolysis) unlike aerobic respiration, which yields as many as 32 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule using oxidative phosphorylation.
