Depends, but usually it is an aristocrat where basically one ruler/leader rules the entire nation. For example, the many dynasties in China which was lead by an emperor. Then there is constitutional monarchy where there is a monarch present, but they have no real power and power lies with parliament (Congressional law making body). Examples of constitutional monarchy includes the United Kingdom, Japan, Spain, and Thailand (though I believe the monarch still have a lot of say and power).
C. Absolute monarchs established stable governments to protect people and enforse laws.
