The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.
Related decarburizing with air processes had been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale.[1] One such process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia, where the scholar Shen Kuo describes its use in the Chinese iron and steel industry.[2][3] In the 17th century, accounts by European travelers detailed its possible use by the Japanese.[4]
The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.[5] The process was claimed to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor William Kelly,[4][6] though there is little to back up this claim.[7][8][9][10]
The process using a basic refractory lining is known as the "basic Bessemer process" or "Gilchrist-Thomas process" after the discoverer Sidney Gilchrist Thomas
Answer:
The United States asserted itself as an independent nation was through the adoption of the Monroe Doctrine. This doctrine came after its independence from the British and was a warning to other European countries to stop their interference in the country.
This was a major statement of the United States to the rest of the world in it being strong enough to make decisions which are in the best interest of the country.
Answer:
Abiy ahmed was the first prime minister of ethiopia
Answer: Marquis de Lafayette served the Continental Army with distinction during the American Revolutionary War, providing tactical leadership while securing vital resources from France
Explanation:
<span>Assuming that this is referring to the same list of options that was posted before with this question, <span>the correct response would be that they both believed in the "social contract," since this was an Enlightenment principle that allowed people to overthrow their government if that government became tyrannical. </span></span>
