1. The conquest of Constantinople(1204) by occurred in April 1204 and marked the climax of the Fourth Crusade. Mutinous Crusader armies captured, looted, and destroyed parts of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia or the Latin Occupation) was established.
2. Siege of Nicaea - The Siege of Nicaea took place from May 14 to June 19, 1097, during the First Crusade. They defeated the Turkish defenders and sacked the city May 21, 1097. Byzantine Emperor Alexios I had instructed Boutoumites to secretly negotiate the surrender of the city without the crusaders' knowledge
3. The Fall of Constantinople- The Fall of Constantinople took place 1453, at the time one of the most heavily fortified cities in the world. Constantinople was taken over by Ottoman Turks, led by their leader Sultan Mehmed II. This led to the creation of the Ottoman Empire and marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating back to 27 CE, which had lasted 1500 years .
4. Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade -On Nov. 27, 1095, giving one of the most influential speeches of the Middle Ages, Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade. He calls all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
Original--President by electoral college, Senators by state legislators, and House of Representatives by direct vote. Direct vote is by land-owning, white, males who were 21 or older.
President has remained the same.
Senators--changed to direct vote with the 17th Amendment in 1912
House of Representatives has remained the same.
Those who can vote has changed through time. In the 1820s and 1830s states removed the landowner condition for voting. In 1870, black men were given the right to vote under the 15th Amendment. In 1920, women were granted the right to vote under the 19th Amendment. Lastly, the age was moved from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th Amendment.
