<span>Commensalism is an interaction in which one of those species would benefit, and the other one would not be affected. Parasitism is an interaction in which one of those species would benefit at the expense of the host organism. Thus, in commensalism we have one positive and one neutral result while in parasitism we have one positive and one negative result.</span>
The sole reason why red blood cells are unable to replace damaged proteins is that red blood cells lack DNA and cell organelles such as nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria which are crucial for protein synthesis, assembly and repair. In other words they lack both the information and the machinery for making or repair of proteins.
Due to lack of DNA and cell organelles, red blood cells cannot be able satisfy the central dogma which summarizes synthesis of proteins as DNA → RNA → proteins.
DNA has the genetic information on how proteins should be made, RNA is responsible for transferring the information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, then translating or decoding this information, which results in the making of protein.
Answer:
Why do you have this under the topic biology?
Explanation:
Answer:
a.Side with a lower consitration of squares.
b.Transport protien.
c.Energy imput from the cell.
d.Plasma membrain.
e.Side with a higher consitration of squares.
I think.
During glycolysis, the source of the chemical energy that is captured in ATP:
B. the chemical bonds in glucose
Explanation:
- Glycolysis is also known as Embden-meyerhof pathway.
- It is an oxidative process in which one mole of glucose is partially oxidized into two moles of pyruvate.
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- The breakdown of six-carbon glucose into two molecules the three-carbon pyruvate occurs in ten steps.
- The first five steps of this pathway constitute the preparatory phase.This phase consumes energy during the phosphorylation of glucose.
- The preparatory phase produces two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
- The two molecules of G3P are then converted to pyruvate in the next five steps that constitute the payoff phase.
- The energy gain of glycolysis comes in this payoff phase.
- The oxidation of G3P yields a high energy molegule 1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate .
- The high energy phosphate on carbon 1 of this molecule is donated to ADP and ATP is produced.
- This synthesis of ATP is called substrate level phosphorylation because ADP phosphorylation is coupled with exergonic breakdown of a high-energy bond.
