Washington:
Whiskey Rebellion-tax protest in the early 1790s during Washington's time in office.
The Start of the French Revolution
The First National Bank established by Alexander Hamilton
Adams:
XYZ Affair
Quasi War (naval battles between the US and France)
The answer is Gutenberg. Hope it helps!
B. Zhou They introduced the Mandate of Heaven to justify their overthrow the Shang dynasty.
Since you provide no options, i assuming it would be : National spending
It's a total calculation of the amount of goods/services that being consumed by a nation within a specific period (usually calculated every year)
hope this helps