Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
Explanation:
: a trial that is conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge and in which the defendant is afforded his or her rights under the U.S. Constitution or the appropriate state constitution or other law.
Answer:
A. Values.
Explanation:
A conflict of values is present whenever a, or group of individuals, find themselves threatened by other people's ideals or actions, as the former perceive that aspects of their identities are being undervalued and undermined.
Regarding the example, the Mulsims were angered by the legislation since it denied them the right to wear their religious clothes - an aspect considered to be a prime element for a Muslim.
Explanation:
Hammurabi was quite harsh when it came to his code of law. Although the punishments as well as the limits were reasonable, the cruelity was demonstrated throughout the code of law. However, the most unfair and unreasonable laws, in my opinion, consisted of long-term suffering. For example, if a physician accidently failed an operation and tragically killed his patient, Hammurabi would lacerate the physician's hands, ensuring that that physician will not make the same terrible mistake again. These laws were not merciful whatsoever, but Hammurabi's punishments and limits that he set in his kingdom kept things in order. After all, the empire did fall apart after Hammurabi's death.
