Answer:
The Italian city-states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian Peninsula between the 9th and the 15th centuries.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, urban settlements in Italy generally enjoyed a greater continuity than in the rest of western Europe. Many of these towns were survivors of earlier Etruscan, Umbrian and Roman towns which had existed within the Roman Empire. The republican institutions of Rome had also survived. Some feudal lords existed with a servile labour force and huge tracts of land, but by the 11th century, many cities, including Venice, Milan, Florence, Genoa, Pisa, Lucca, Cremona, Siena, Città di Castello, Perugia, and many others, had become large trading metropoles, able to obtain independence from
Answer:
Because every society needs to vary to explain uncommon phenomenon and deviance. Saying evil in people is innate makes the deviance into something that is not the product of the flaws in society, but the natural course of things.
Explanation:
All people and cultures need to understand the phenomenons around them, especially when they are uncommon and don’t fit the norm. <u>The notion of evil, deviance, and wrongdoing is something negative in every culture</u><u>, even though what belongs to that category differs.</u> However, all societies want to explain where deviance comes from.
One of the easiest explanations that can be offered is that evil is innate and the product of nature. <u>When evil is understood as a product of nature, it can carry the idea that something is wrong with society, and that something malignant exists in the organization and institution that can produce evil.</u>
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It is much more secure for the existing system to see evil as the natural and inborn product that universally exists.
Because it was a weak central government leaving most the power to the states
Most owners are familiar with this delivery method where each stage follows the others in a linear progression with no overlap. After securing the services of an architect, who reports directly to the owner, plans and specifications will be drafted, and then contractors will bid for the project. The lowest responsive, responsive bidder is awarded the project, which progress exactly as designed.
Advantages:
Being a familiar method, Competitive Bid projects are an easier sell, and they're easier to manage because the scopes and stages are rigidly defined. Because the design team and contractor both report to the owner, the owner has a greater degree of control over the process. As the name suggests, the bidding process typically results in the best price.
Disadvantages:
While the Competitive Bidding elicits low bids, the coast of a design is not determined until the bids are receieved. This could mean that a redesign is required if the bids exceed the budget, and because time is a financial factor, cost estimates can change during the design process. Th fragmented approach can also cause more finger-pointing between parities, since the contractor is not able to give advice during the design, budget, or project planning phases. Finally, the linear schedule makes this the slowest of the three methods
A former supervisor has already agreed to be one of your references. Therefore, you should write an e-mail message to your former supervisor to tell him or her about the position and company and to review what you would like him or her to stress to the prospective employer.
