Answer:
The answer is <em><u>D.
</u></em>
Explanation:
Viruses can evade the processing and presentation of antigens, for example by interfering with the expression of MHC class I proteins, although this increases their susceptibility to be detected by natural killer cells (NK). However, some members of the herpesvirus, papillomavirus, retrovirus, poxvirus and flavivirus families have also developed strategies to escape the attack of NK cells and promote their survival, inhibiting cell apoptosis. Finally, some pathogens often change surface antigens frequently, as in the case of influenza viruses (orthomyxovirus).
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects CD4 + T cells and degrades the host's ability to counterattack with a strong cell-mediated immune response. There are so many tactics of immune evasion used by HIV, which have so far hindered the development of an effective vaccine.
Answer:
The edges or boundaries between the ecosystems and within it are the illustrating characteristics of landscapes. In a landscape, the biodiversity is affected by the composition of the landscape itself. When an area possesses boundaries or edges, which minimize the area of the habitat, it also starts to minimize the number of species, which can associate with the communities.
The multiplication of edge species can exhibit both negative and positive influences on the biodiversity of a community. On the other hand, corridors refer to the region associated with the populations of wildlife distinguished by human activities like road construction. The prime objective of designing habitat corridors is to enhance biodiversity. The corridors that have been protracted to other habitat patches can reinstate a certain degree of space and at the same time reestablish certain chances for genetic diversity.
The belt between Mars and Jupiter is mad of space rocks known as astroids. Hope that helps!
Answer:
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
Hopefully this helped! :D
-LavenderVye
