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kap26 [50]
3 years ago
6

(HELP ASAP I'LL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST)

Biology
1 answer:
Irina-Kira [14]3 years ago
6 0
A. I believe



sorry if wrong <333
You might be interested in
Which statement best describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly
zlopas [31]

Out of the following given choices;

a. they increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood

b. they increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation

c. they increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled

d. they increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing the efficient gas exchange

The answer is D. Due to their microscopic nature, they are numerous in the lungs and are also circular-shaped so as to increase the surface area for gaseous exchange. Other characteristics of alveoli that increase gas exchange are that they thinned-walled (with only a layer of cells) and moist.






8 0
3 years ago
All instructions for proteins, like hemoglobin, are stored in our _______, which is located in a cell’s ______________. This DNA
svlad2 [7]

Answer:

1. DNA

2. Nucleus

3. mRNA

4. Transcription

5. Nucleus

6. mRNA

7. Cytoplasm

8. Ribosome

9. Translation

10. anti-codons

11. codon

12. amino acids

13. protein

Explanation:

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA hold all the instructions that make up an organism. It determines the physical structure and even the function of the different cells that make up all organisms.

The DNA are all stored in the NUCLEUS of cells. Typically, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus except red blood cells. The nucleus has a nuclear envelope that keeps the DNA stored inside but it has nuclear pores that allows it to interact with the cytoplasm.

In order for DNA to be replicated, it needs to be turned into messenger RNA, otherwise known as mRNA. The mRNA decodes the DNA in order for the cell to use the code. The process is called transcription.

Transcription is done within the nucleus. Before the cell can understand what to do with DNA, mRNA transcribes to know what information it needs to produce specidic proteins.

Once transcription is done, it will then bring the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the viscous gel-like solution that holds the organelles of the cell. In the cytoplasm you have ribsomes.

Ribosomes is where protein synthesis takes place, this is why it is called the protein factory of the cell. It is a molecule that is made up of ribosomal RNA, which direct the chemical processes involved in protein synthesis. For protein synthesis to happen, it will need another type of RNA, which is the tRNA.

tRNA is transfer RNA and they translate the mRNA sequence into proteins. tRNA have amino acids attached to it.

Each 3 bases of the mRNA are collectively known as codons. These codons correspond with specific  tRNA that hold the anticodons. These anticodons code for specific amino acids that they also hold.

When they pair up, the tRNA drop off the amino acid which form a chain with the other tRNA amino acids that complete the code. These chain of monomers then make the protein specific to the DNA code that was copied in the beginning.

3 0
3 years ago
Explain how we know that DNA breaks and rejoins during recombination.
alisha [4.7K]

Answer:

It occurs through homologous recombination

Explanation:

GENERAL RECOMBINATION OR HOMOLOGIST

           Previously we defined its general characteristics. We will now describe a molecular model of this recombination, based on the classic Meselson and Radding, modified with the latest advances. Do not forget that we are facing a model, that is, a hypothetical proposal to explain a set of experimental data. Not all points of this model are fully clarified or demonstrated:

           Suppose we have an exogenote and an endogenote, both consisting of double helices. In recombination models, the exogenote is usually referred to as donor DNA, and the endogenote as recipient DNA.

1) Start of recombination: Homologous recombination begins with an endonucleotide incision in one of the donor double helix chains. Responsible for this process is the nuclease RecBCD (= nuclease V), which acts as follows: it is randomly attached to the donor's DNA, and moves along the double helix until it finds a characteristic sequence called c

Once the sequence is recognized, the RecBCD nuclease cuts to 4-6 bases to the right (3 'side) of the upper chain (as we have written above). Then, this same protein, acting now as a helicase, unrolls the cut chain, causing a zone of single-stranded DNA (c.s. DNA) to move with its 3 ’free end

2) The gap left by the displaced portion of the donor cut chain is filled by reparative DNA synthesis.

3) The displaced single chain zone of the donor DNA is coated by subunits of the RecA protein (at the rate of one RecA monomer per 5-10 bases). Thus, that simple chain adopts an extended helical configuration.

4) Assimilation or synapse: This is the key moment of action of RecA. Somehow, the DNA-bound RecA c.s. The donor facilitates the encounter of the latter with the complementary double helix part of the recipient, so that in principle a triple helix is formed. Then, with the hydrolysis of ATP, RecA facilitates that the donor chain moves to the homologous chain of the receptor, and therefore matches the complementary one of that receptor. In this process, the chain portion of the donor's homologous receptor is displaced, causing the so-called "D-structure".

It is important to highlight that this process promoted by RecA depends on the donor and the recipient having great sequence homology (from 100 to 95%), and that these homology segments are more than 100 bases in length.

Note that this synapse involves the formation of a portion of heteroduplex in the double receptor helix: there is an area where each chain comes from a DNA c.d. different parental (donor and recipient).

5) It is assumed that the newly displaced chain of the recipient DNA (D-structure) is digested by nucleases.

6) Covalent union of the ends originating in the two homologous chains. This results in a simple cross-linking whereby the two double helices are "tied." The resulting global structure is called the Holliday structure or joint.

7) Migration of the branches: a complex formed by the RuvA and RuvB proteins is attached to the crossing point of the Holliday structure, which with ATP hydrolysis achieve the displacement of the Hollyday crossing point: in this way the portion of heteroduplex in both double helices.

8) Isomerization: to easily visualize it, imagine that we rotate the two segments of one of the DNA c.d. 180o with respect to the cross-linking point, to generate a flat structure that is isomeric from the previous one ("X structure").

9) Resolution of this structure: this step is catalyzed by the RuvC protein, which cuts and splices two of the chains cross-linked at the Hollyday junction. The result of the resolution may vary depending on whether the chains that were not previously involved in the cross-linking are cut and spliced, or that they are again involved in this second cutting and sealing operation:

a) If the cuts and splices affect the DNA chains that were not previously involved in the cross-linking, the result will be two reciprocal recombinant molecules, where each of the 4 chains are recombinant (there has been an exchange of markers between donor and recipient)

b) If the cuts and splices affect the same chains that had already participated in the first cross-linking, the result will consist of two double helices that present only two portions of heteroduplex DNA.

8 0
3 years ago
Example of made up negative feedback loop
FromTheMoon [43]

Answer:

negative feedback loop involving insulin and glucagon help to keep blood glucose levels within a narrow concentration range. If glucose levels get too high, the body releases insulin into the bloodstream.

hope it help

5 0
2 years ago
Which part of the membrane can catalyze chemical reactions?
kenny6666 [7]

Answer:

the correct answer is enzymes

Explanation:

enzyme act as catalyst and is a biological molecule which within the cell membrane can speed up or increase the rate of biological reaction without affecting itself and is obtained unchanged at the end of reaction

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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