When members of the same species become adapted to new environments
Answer:
protons against a concentration gradient.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration can be defined as a series of metabolic reactions that typically occur in cells so as to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During cellular respiration, high energy intermediates are created that can then be oxidized to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, the intermediary products are produced at the glycolysis and citric acid cycle stage.
<em>Hence, during cellular respiration, most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed as a direct result of the net movement of protons against a concentration gradient in the electron transport chain.</em>
Additionally, mitochondria provides all the energy required in the cell by transforming energy forms through series of chemical reactions; breaking down of glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) used for providing energy for cellular activities in the body of living organisms.
Hello Mlevintova, <span>Who first proposed the principle of the heliocentric theory, </span>Aristarchus of Samos was an ancient Greek astronomer and
mathematician who presented the first known model that placed the Sun at
the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it.
I'm not completely sure what the question is but tonsils grow during the pre-teen years, but at about age 12 they start to shrink.
In neuroscience, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. Threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV,[1] but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron's resting membrane potential (–70 mV) can be altered to either increase or decrease likelihood of reaching threshold via sodium and potassium ions. An influx of sodium into the cell through open, voltage-gated sodium channels can depolarize the membrane past threshold and thus excite it while an efflux of potassium or influx of chloride can hyperpolarize the cell and thus inhibit threshold from being reached.