It was "Francois Rabelais" who wrote the humorous novel Pantagruel, published in 1532, which poked fun at the established order, since this was during a time when many voices of "protest" made their way through literary works such as this.
The U.S. in 1846 was not justified in going to war with Mexico, they didn't have justification to respond with violence.
An organized prayer session in a public school is seen by some to be the government endorsing a particular religion
C. Because Literal means the exact thing, meaning that they are trying to describe it as best as the can to the literal way