<span>3. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew</span>
Answer:
natural law
Explanation:
John Locke, whose ideas were reflected in the ideas of the founding fathers of the United States, wrote back in 1690 that the natural right of a person is the right for protection of life, freedom and property from threats and encroachment from the outside.
Adolf Hitler lead the Holocaust so the answer would be the same for both questions. The answer to those is between five and six million Jews died during the Holocaust. It is impossible to know how many Jews died exactly though.
It is the president who represents the nation and creates policies. The article deals with the formation of the executive branch.