The term is called Mutation. G<span>enentic material is not transfer to the next generation</span>
The chart below contains correct information concerning synthesis is <span>amino acids - enzymes.
</span><span> Amino Acids & Enzymes. Complementary </span>Protein<span> Sources have all of the amino acids to create the </span>proteins<span> your body needs. </span>Proteins<span>, composed of many amino acids, (the molecular building blocks of </span>proteins<span>), 20 of them are very important and are needed for muscle and tissue building, repair and maintenance.</span>
<span>he Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule is vital for virulence and may inhibit complement activity and phagocytosis. However, there are only limited data on the mechanisms by which the capsule affects complement and the consequences for S. pneumoniae interactions with phagocytes. Using unencapsulated serotype 2 and 4 S. pneumoniae mutants, we have confirmed that the capsule has several effects on complement activity. The capsule impaired bacterial opsonization with C3b/iC3b by both the alternative and classical complement pathways and also inhibited conversion of C3b bound to the bacterial surface to iC3b. There was increased binding of the classical pathway mediators immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, indicating that the capsule could inhibit classical pathway complement activity by masking antibody recognition of subcapsular antigens, as well as by inhibiting CRP binding. Cleavage of serum IgG by the enzyme IdeS reduced C3b/iC3b deposition on all of the strains, but there were still marked increases in C3b/iC3b deposition on unencapsulated TIGR4 and D39 strains compared to encapsulated strains, suggesting that the capsule inhibits both IgG-mediated and IgG-independent complement activity against S. pneumoniae. Unencapsulated strains were more susceptible to neutrophil phagocytosis after incubation in normal serum, normal serum treated with IdeS, complement-deficient serum, and complement-deficient serum treated with IdeS or in buffer alone, suggesting that the capsule inhibits phagocytosis mediated by FcÎł receptors, complement receptors, and nonopsonic receptors. Overall, these data show that the S. pneumoniae capsule affects multiple aspects of complement- and neutrophil-mediated immunity, resulting in a profound inhibition of opsonophagocytosis.</span>
Answer:
sorry i didn't understand your question
Explanation:
<h2>Gelatin </h2>
Explanation:
Gelatin is a differential medium which tests the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme, called gelatinase (this enzyme hydrolyzes gelatin)
When gelatin is at a temperature below 32°C (or within a few degrees thereof), it is a semisolid material and at temperatures above 32°C, it is a viscous liquid
When gelatin is broken down, it can no longer solidify and if an organism can break down gelatin, the areas where the organism has grown will remain liquid even if the gelatin is refrigerated
No the conclusion by student is not right because the tube must be runny after incubation followed by refrigeration to be considered gelatinase positive
