Answer:
Macrophages are part of your innate immune system, which is antigen-independent and does not require activation.
Explanation:
Macrophages phagocytize (internalize) all non-self pathogens it encounters. These do their job without activation. Other cells in the innate immune system include basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils (these cells are polymorphonuclear leukocytes), mast cells, and dendritic cells, which act as the bridge between your innate and adaptive immune system.
All of the other entities listed above are part of your adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system is antigen-dependent and requires activation. This section of your immune system responds differently to different pathogens, and has the bonus of having immunologic memory, the ability to remember pathogens after infection and respond much quicker upon secondary and tertiary encounters.
Note: All lymphocyte types begin as naïve cells, which then differentiate into their fully matured form upon activation.
Helper T cells are a type of CD4+ T cell that has the job of activating B and T lymphocytes. There are two different types of T helper cells: Th1 and Th2. Th1 cells secrete the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ), and is primarily involved with the stimulation and activation of cytotoxic T cells, while Th2 cells secrete a variety of cytokines and are responsible for activating and assisting with B cells to make antibodies. To make a long story short, Th cells interact with APC (Antigen Presenting Cells), specifically their Class II MHC (a group of genes that present exogenous proteins). The Th cells then proliferate and gain the ability to activate these APC cells and provide the necessary signals to activate B and T cells and make them proliferate and do their specific function.
During the sympathetic reaction the blood flow is augmented
to the skeletal muscles and brain. Then the blood flow will diminished to the
bowel which may led to constipation. The person will perspire excessively and
may lead to dehydration which eventually may constrain bowel function.
I found the exercise on the internet with the images and brief descriptions. Attached is an image of it.
To the DNA replication bin:
-Image of one cell dividing into two cells, and the mother cell has its DNA being unfolded and replicated.
-"DNA -> 2DNA (copying one DNA molecule to make two identical DNA molecules)"
To the <span>gene expression bin:
-Image of only one cell with some arrows within it indicating the gene expression flow: DNA -> mRNA -> protein
</span>-"DNA->mRNA->protein"<span>
-"transcription"
-"translation"
To the </span><span>recombination bin:
-Image with two cells being one the donor and the other one the recipient. The recipient has DNA with different colours pretending to represent that its DNA has different origins.
-"transformation"
-"conjugation"
-"transduction"</span>
<span>A scenario where a cell may be needed to perform a form of endocytosis is when transporting large molecules.
A scenario where a cell may be needed to perform a form of exocytosis is when releasing the large molecule from the cell. The movement of macromolecules of polysaccharides or proteins out of or into the cell is known as Bulk transport.
Bulk transport is of two types which include endocytosis and exocytosis whereby both require an expenditure of energy. Exocytosis materials are being exported out of the cell via secretory vesicles.
Golgi complex they do package macromolecules into transport vesicles which travel to and spill its content out of cells. Exocytosis is very much important in the expulsion of waste materials out of the cell and also in products secretion. Endocytosis is the process where materials move into the cell.
Endocytosis is divided into the three types which include pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.</span>
Relationship between the Cell Membrane and CFT. The CFTR gene produces instructions for composing a protein called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This protein functions as a channel across the membrane of cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, and digestive enzymes.
