wait that is not a question
Answer:
Food production served as a factor that attracted people to the area. Eventually, businesses and the local economy grew, leading to the development of the city and, over time, the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The beginnings of Tokyo are similar to those of other major cities around the world
Explanation:
Answer: England 18th century, Western Europe 19th century
Explanation: industrial revolution must be associated with economic liberalism which existed already in 18th-century England (James Watt, Adam Smith and others) whereas in western Europe industrial revolution started later in the 19th century. Term "western Europe" does not include Iberian peninsula and south Italy here.
The Answer would be 3. those brought through the space trade in Africa.