I would say the Hittites and the Celts. The Hittites thrived and disbanded before the beginnings of the Roman empire. The Celts were absorbed by the Romans but were keen to follow their ways.
The answer is C
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He was the first European to discover America, or at least what Europe knew of. Before he discovered it Europe had no knowledge of it existing.America was discovered before by Vikings, by Leif Ericson, but their settlement didn't last that long. Columbus was the first to go to America and maintain contact with the continent and colonize it,having big impact in history. That's why it is better to say - to avoid discussions - that he re-discovered itw
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The Truman Doctrine was basically a shot at the Soviet Communism and how it wasn't right, so this obviously angered the Soviets. The Doctrine caused a divide between the communists and non-communists, which did indeed grow tension between America and the Soviet Union which eventually would lead to the Cold War.