Answer:
ZZ species will take more number of crosses to produce a recessive offspring.
Explanation:
Here Z seems to be the dominant allele. A species having ZZ or homozygous dominant genotype shall not express the recessive phenotype until unless it has both recessive allele and this is not possible as of now or is dependent on the genotype of mating species and the number of generations of development.
If ZZ mates with WW, the offspring in F1 generation will have genotype ZW
However, if the offspring in the F1 generation are crossed then in next generation we could see organism with recessive phenotype i,e WW
ZW*ZW
ZZ, ZW, ZW, WW
While in case of organism having ZW type genotype, recessive phenotype will occur in the first generation cross with the ZW.
Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Virus is an organism that has been a topic of debate in biological sciences. This debate is based on whether virus should be classified as a living thing or not. However, it has been shown that viruses possess characteristics or properties of both living and non-living things.
The living thing characteristics include;
- Ability to reproduce or replicate (in living cells only and not on their own).
The nonliving characteristics include;
- Lack of cells, which is a strong criterion for every living thing in accordance to the universal cell theory.
- Inability to self-replicate i.e. reproduce on their own without a living host.
Rainwater can replace or replenish freshwater sources.
Precipitation, such as rainwater, is the source of freshwater on Earth.
When the amount of surface freshwater increases, so does the amount of groundwater.
Human activity, such as taking a bath, may change the quality of a freshwater resource. :)
The Griffith's experiment, the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, and the Hershey–Chase experiments were the set of experiments that established DNA as the key hereditary molecule. The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment was an extension to the Griffith's experiment. The heat killed virulent S strain cells of the Griffith's experiment were lysed to form a supernatant containing a mix of RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids from the cell. The supernatent was equally divided into 3 parts after the removal of the lipids. The 3 parts were respectively treated with an RNAase to degrade the RNA, DNAase to degrade the DNA and proteinase to degrade the proteins. The treated supernatant was then added into the culture containing the non-virulent R cells. In case of the supernatant treated with the DNAse, no transformation of R cells into S cells occurred. The transformation of R cells to S cells occurred in the proteinase and the RNAse cases. This indicated that DNA was the hereditary molecule and not protein or RNA.
