Homologous pairs, Eg. X and Y
One pair in paternal and the other in maternal, obtained during Meiosis.
The nitrogen in the air cannot be used by producers and consumers. It must be fixed or converted by bacteria in the ground into a useable form for plants called nitrates. Some plants called legumes (beans and clover) actually have bacteria in their roots.
You will need to observe the moon for a month to see if the student's claim is correct.