<span>Point mutations are of two types: Substitutions of bases that are the change of one base of DNA by another. And Transitions that are replaced on a pyrrhic basis by another pyrrhic or a pyrimidine by another pyrimidine. Transversions: substitution of a pyrrhic base by another pyrimidine or vice versa. These mutations are negative because they affect only one of the nucleotides, and therefore, only one triplet of bases are affected. When the mutation does not affect the individual it is a silent mutation. Chromosomal mutations Changes in the structure of the diploid chromosomes, where one of the chromosomes has a mutation, will have another normal. They can hinder the process of meiosis in the carrier since it hinders the correct pairing of the homologous chromosomes. It would produce an unfeasible offspring or with mutations.</span>
<span>A 3 year old African American girl who has a one month history of loss of appetite andd abdominal pain who has had x-rays that show a mass with multiple calcifications would likely be diagnosed with Nephroblastoma or Wilms Tumor which would likely be associated with Denys-Drash syndrome due to wrist symptoms.</span>
For number 3, Queen Victoria's children and Queen Elizabeth II's descendants are Edward VII, George V, George VI
for number 4, the descendants of Philip of Greece are Alice, Victoria of Hesse, Alice of battenburg
