One negative outcome of the Dawes Severalty Act was that "<span> D The railroads and speculators took the best land and left little fertile land for American Indians," since the Natives were treated as second-class citizens (or worse). </span>
Vietnam borrowed all these elements of Chinese culture except a. shotgunate system.
All of the other elements are adapted from the Chinese culture while this element is not.
That is true, hope that helps :)
The answer is b, to pay off war debts
The first one A.) East Indies