One of the most important achievements in the formation of the first human civilizations defined in a new period of Prehistory. During the Neolithic or Polished Stone Age, major changes in climate and vegetation occur. The European continent started to have milder temperatures and we observed the formation of the Sahara Desert, in Africa.
The practice of hunting and gathering selects increasingly difficult options. Agriculture and the consequent process of sedentarization of man are gradually established. In addition, a domestic animal became a common practice among the human groups that formed during this period. The stability prohibited by these new techniques for dominating nature and animals also made it possible to form large population agglomerations.
New forms of social organization emerged and, thus, man's first policies may have been formed at the same time. The creation and abandonment of collective forms of socioeconomic organization can be seen in the Neolithic. As some researchers, as early complex societies, cut around victims of leading tribes or an organization of a state, are the fruits of these transformations.
