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the christians tried to take back the hold land but instead it became the most embarrassing move made by the roman catholic church. in other words,the crusades were a complete failure
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The Allies invaded the Mediterranean because they wanted to remove Italy from axis powers. Axis powers are nations that fought in the WW2 so they basically didn't want Italy to fight in the war.
Answer:
France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered part of no estate.
. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state
2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.
3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.
4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie
5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI
6. Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.
Congress lacked the authority to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to carry out any legislation passed by Congress. There were no national courts or judicial branches. Articles of Confederation amendments required a unanimous vote.
Concerned about Strong National Government nonetheless, the Articles of Confederation became increasingly ineffective at governing the rapidly expanding American states during their brief existence. The main reason for this ineffectiveness was a lack of a strong central government.
Ultimately, the Articles of Confederation failed because they were crafted to keep the national government as weak as possible. There was no power to enforce laws.
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