Some of the factors that led to the rise and fall of the Islamic empires during the early modern era are clearly evaluated here. My argument gives a clear overview of the issue from the very beginning —during the rise of the empire, to the supposed end—during the fall of the empire.

Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries. The Arab Muslim forces conquered large territories and built imperial structures over time to secure those territories. Most of the significant expansion of the empire happened during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to 661 CE, which was the reign of the first four successors of Muhammad.

Then, the caliphate—a new Islamic political structure now evolved and became more sophisticated in the era of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates.

Here are the factors:

1. Accordance of non-Arabs with secondary status.

During the earlier Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), non-Arabs were given secondary status.

2. Influence of Persian culture on the Abbasid Court.

During the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), distinction between Arab Muslims and non-Arab Muslims diminished with the Persian culture's great influence on the Abbasid Court.

3. Increased Political Involvements

With the Abbasids, more non-Arabs and non-Muslims became involved in government administration. This resulted into the decision of the Caliphate, which led to the formation of many fragmented political entities, some of which were actively led by non-Arab Muslims.

All these factors and more led to the fall of the Islamic empire in this modern era.

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4 years ago