Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer: d. Confounding
Explanation:
In the context of a scientific study such as this one, a confounding factor is one that has influence on both the exposure and event variable(s), which may lead to over- or underestimation of the direct relationship between them (if any).
For instance: In this example, researchers may have had reason to believe that male gender is associated with both higher risk of obesity (the exposure variable) and adult-onset asthma (the event variable). If gender is not taken into account, one may claim that the finding of an association between obesity and asthma is simply an artifact due to the high proportion of male patients (likely to present with both). <em>Controlling</em> for that variable (such as by matching, as in this example) allows researchers to test for this hypothesis.
The correct answer is less oxygen is absorbed by the body.
An infection of the lung parenchyma is what is meant by the term pneumonia. Health care workers must keep in mind that pneumonia is an umbrella word for a group of syndromes produced by a range of organisms, resulting in a diversity of presentations and consequences, rather than viewing it as a single disease. An infection of the lung parenchyma results from a number of diseases together referred to as pneumonia. There have been numerous attempts to categorize pneumonia according to its etiology, the clinical situation in which the patient contracted the infection, the pattern of lung parenchyma involvement, and other factors. This article examines pneumonia using the American Thoracic Society's system of classification.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Their course of action in altering metabolism is very similar because both of them interact with intracellular receptors (primarily the cytosolic receptors present in cytoplasm of the cell) and translocate into the nucleus for performing their desired goal (likely to synthesize a mRNA which can then be turned into a protein to get a desired action going)
