Answer:
1. Future Perfect
2. Present Perfect
3. Present Continuous
4. Past Continuous
5. Future Continuous
6. Past perfect
7. Past Perfect Continuous
8. Present Perfect
9. Future perfect
10. Past Perfect
11. Future perfect
Explanation:
The answer can be explained by the structure of each tense:
1. The structure of this sentence: Nancy (Subject) + will have + finished (Verb in the past participle) + by the time... (by the time = before ...)
=> This is the structure of Future perfect.
=> This tense is used for actions completing before other point of time in the future.
In this sentence, the action “finishing” of Nancy will be completed before the point of time when “her parents return”.
2. The structure of this sentence: I (subject) + have finished (have + Verb in the past participle) already.
=> This is the structure of Present perfect
+) This tense is use to describe actions that happened in the past, when goes with “already”, it emphasizes that the actions finished earlier than we think and the exact time it happened is not important, just the result.
This sentence emphasizes the completion of homework of “I”.
3. The structure of this sentence is: The cake (Subject) + is (be) + baking (V-ing) slowly.
(Subject + be + V-ing) => This is the structure of present continuous.
The tense is used for actions which are happening at the exact time the sentence is said.
=> This sentence describes the action “baking” of the cake at present.
4. The structure of this sentence is: The trees (Subject) + were (be) + waving back and forth (V-ing).
(Subject + were + V-ing) is the structure of Past Continuous.
This tense is used for actions happening at the exact time in the past or continuing actions at some point in the past.
=> This sentence describes the continuing action “waving back and forth” of the tree in the past.
5. The structure of this sentence: The children (Subject) + will be + laughing (V – ing).
(Subject + will be + V – ing) => This is the structure of future continuous tense.
This tense is used to indicates actions happening at an exact point of time in the future.
=> This sentence refers to the actions “laughing” of the “children” at a point of time in the future.
6. The components of the sentence:
+) We – subject
+) had eaten – had Verb in the past participle
(Subject + had + Verb in the past participle) – This is the form of past perfect. This tense is used for actions that completed before point of time in the past.
In this sentence, the action “had eaten” of “we” completed before the time of “the show” – which happened in the past also.
7. The components of the sentence:
+) I – subject
+) had been studying – had been + V – ing
(Subject + had been + V-ing) – This is the form of past perfect continuous, used for actions started in the past and continued until another point of time in the past. The phrase “for ...” indicates the period of time that action happened.
=> This sentence refers to the action “studying” of “I” happened in a period of time in the past.
8. The components of the sentence:
+) Carlos – Subject
+) has purchased – has + Verb in the past participle
(Subject + has/ have + Verb in the past participle) – This is the form of present perfect.
This tense can be used for actions that happened recently to the time the sentence is said.
=> This sentence indicates the action “purchased...” of Carlo, which happened recently.
9. The components of the sentence:
+) The check – Subject
+) Will have been – will have + Verb in the past participle (“been” is the form of “be” in the past participle)
(Subject + will have + Verb in the past participle) – This is the form of future perfect, used for a future event which will happen before another action in the future.
In this sentence, the action “the check will have been mailed” occurs in the future, before the action “the payment is due” – which happens in the future also.
10. The components of the sentence: Louise – Subject; had trained – had + Verb in the past participle
(Subject + had + Verb in the past participle) – This is the form of past perfect. This tense is used for actions that completed before point of time in the past.
In this sentence, the action “had trained” of “Louise” completed before the time of “the race” – which happened in the past also.
11. The components of the sentence:
+) The act – subject
+) will have been ... - will have + Verb in the past participle (“been” is the form of “be” in the past participle)
(Subject + will have + Verb in the past participle) – This is the form of future perfect, used for a future event which will happen before another action or a point of time in the future.
In this sentence, the action “the act will have been performed” occurs in the future, before the action “you get there” – which is also in the future.
