It was the general feature of "checks and balances" that was included to address the concern expressed by James Madison, since his main concern was that one part of the government, such as the executive branch, would become too powerful.
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The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states: “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” This amendment prohibits the federal government from imposing unduly harsh penalties on criminal defendants, either as the price for obtaining
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