Answer:
The correct option is;
a. Any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product-favored
Explanation:
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the change in entropy of a closed system with time is always positive. That is the entropy of the entire universe, considered as an isolated system, always increases with time, hence the entropy change in the universe will always be positive.

Therefore, any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product favored.
Answer:
Because Earth rotates on its axis from west to east
Explanation:
The main advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be quickly changed by controlling the amount of electric current in the winding. However, unlike a permanent magnet that needs no power, an electromagnet requires a continuous supply of current to maintain the magnetic field.